| 1 |
End-Suction Centrifugal Pump |
Building drainage, irrigation, clean-water transfer, tank emptying, and general industrial water circulation. |
Approximately 5–500 m³/h; commonly used for low-to-medium head service up to about 100 m. |
Install on a rigid, level foundation. Keep the suction pipe short, airtight, and properly supported. Fit a foot valve or check valve when required for suction lift. |
Prime the casing before startup unless the unit is self-priming. Open valves gradually and avoid operation with a closed discharge valve for extended periods. |
Check mechanical seals, bearings, coupling alignment, vibration, and motor current. Clean the impeller and inspect pipe strain regularly. |
Isolate electrical power before servicing. Protect rotating couplings and never operate the pump dry. |
| 2 |
Horizontal Split-Case Pump |
Municipal water supply, flood-control systems, cooling-water circulation, and large-scale dewatering. |
Approximately 100–10,000 m³/h; typically selected for medium-to-high flow and moderate head. |
Use a strong concrete base and verify shaft alignment after piping is connected. Provide adequate suction conditions to prevent cavitation. |
Open the suction valve fully and control discharge flow gradually. Monitor pressure, bearing temperature, vibration, and motor load. |
Inspect casing joints, wear rings, shaft sleeves, bearings, and coupling alignment. Follow the manufacturer’s planned lubrication intervals. |
Use lockout/tagout before opening the casing. Confirm lifting equipment is rated for the pump assembly and keep guards installed. |
| 3 |
Vertical Turbine Pump |
Deep wells, reservoirs, raw-water intakes, irrigation stations, and high-lift water supply. |
Approximately 50–10,000 m³/h; suitable for deep-water sources and substantial total head. |
Ensure the well or intake has adequate submergence. Install the column vertically and accurately; support the discharge head and align the shaft sections. |
Start with the discharge system prepared for flow. Watch for excessive vibration, changes in water level, abnormal thrust, or loss of lubrication. |
Inspect line-shaft bearings, bowls, impellers, thrust bearings, and column joints. Check alignment and record vibration trends. |
Use fall protection around open wells and lifting controls for long shaft sections. Prevent access to exposed rotating components. |
| 4 |
Submersible Drainage Pump |
Construction-site pits, basements, sumps, mine drainage, stormwater removal, and emergency floodwater pumping. |
Approximately 5–500 m³/h; commonly used for low-to-medium head drainage. |
Place the pump on a stable surface or guide-rail system. Keep the intake clear, use a discharge check valve where needed, and protect the cable from abrasion. |
Keep the motor sufficiently submerged unless it is specifically rated for intermittent dry operation. Use level controls to prevent excessive cycling. |
Flush the casing, inspect the impeller and strainer, test insulation resistance, and check cable glands and moisture sensors. |
Never lift the pump by its electrical cable. Use a residual-current device and disconnect power before removing the pump from water. |
| 5 |
Submersible Sewage Pump |
Wastewater sumps, sewage lift stations, municipal drainage, and industrial effluent transfer. |
Approximately 10–1,500 m³/h; solids-passage size depends on the impeller design. |
Provide a guide-rail or properly anchored installation. Size the wet well to limit sediment accumulation and install suitable ventilation. |
Prevent frequent starts and stops. Monitor level controls, discharge pressure, motor temperature, and signs of clogging or blockage. |
Clean the wet well, inspect impeller clearance and seals, test alarms, and verify non-return valves and lifting chains. |
Treat wastewater as biologically hazardous. Use protective clothing, gas detection, confined-space procedures, and lockout/tagout. |
| 6 |
Self-Priming Sewage Pump |
Portable bypass pumping, construction dewatering, sewage transfer, and applications requiring above-ground access. |
Approximately 20–2,000 m³/h; suction lift is commonly limited to practical atmospheric conditions and installation height. |
Install as close as possible to the water source. Use a submerged suction hose, airtight connections, a stable base, and an accessible cleanout cover. |
Fill the priming chamber as instructed. Avoid excessive suction lift, monitor for air leaks, and maintain sufficient flow to prevent overheating. |
Inspect the priming system, check valves, wear plates, impeller, seals, hoses, and engine or motor fluids. |
Keep guards fitted and control exhaust gases when engine-driven. Do not open the casing until pressure is released and power is isolated. |
| 7 |
Axial-Flow Pump |
Flood-control stations, drainage channels, irrigation, aquaculture, and high-volume water transfer at low lift. |
Approximately 1,000–50,000 m³/h; generally used for low heads, often below about 15 m. |
Provide a straight, well-designed intake with adequate submergence and anti-vortex measures. Avoid abrupt changes in flow direction near the inlet. |
Operate near the design flow range. Monitor water level, motor load, vibration, and unusual hydraulic noise caused by vortices or cavitation. |
Inspect blades, guide vanes, bearings, seals, screens, and intake debris. Remove sediment and maintain the intake structure. |
Secure access platforms and screens. Use isolation procedures before entering channels, wet wells, or intake structures. |
| 8 |
Mixed-Flow Pump |
Stormwater drainage, irrigation networks, flood protection, cooling-water systems, and medium-head water transfer. |
Approximately 200–20,000 m³/h; commonly selected for medium flow and medium head requirements. |
Install with a properly sized suction bell or intake. Maintain adequate submergence and align the pump, motor, and discharge piping accurately. |
Control the flow with a suitable valve or variable-speed drive. Avoid operation far outside the pump curve and record performance readings. |
Check impeller condition, shaft alignment, guide bearings, seals, vibration, and hydraulic passage blockage. |
Install barriers around open water and rotating equipment. Verify electrical grounding and isolate all energy sources before maintenance. |
| 9 |
Diaphragm Pump |
Sludge, contaminated water, abrasive drainage, temporary bypass pumping, and sites with air-powered equipment. |
Approximately 1–300 m³/h; flow is adjustable and depends on air pressure, diaphragm size, and fluid properties. |
Use adequately sized suction and discharge hoses. Install an air filter and regulator for pneumatic models, and support hoses to prevent excessive loads. |
Start with low air pressure and increase gradually. Prevent hose kinks, excessive back pressure, and operation with incompatible chemicals or solids. |
Inspect diaphragms, valve balls, seats, air valves, fasteners, and hose connections. Replace elastomers when swelling, cracking, or leakage appears. |
Release compressed air and hydraulic pressure before disassembly. Wear eye and hand protection when handling contaminated liquids. |
| 10 |
Progressive Cavity Pump |
Thick sludge, wastewater with suspended solids, dewatered sludge, and water containing fibrous material. |
Approximately 0.1–500 m³/h; suitable for controlled flow and relatively high discharge pressure. |
Install with a flooded or adequately prepared suction line. Provide a pressure-relief device and ensure the rotor and stator are compatible with the fluid. |
Never run dry because the stator can overheat quickly. Use a variable-speed drive where appropriate and monitor discharge pressure continuously. |
Check rotor, stator, drive joints, seals, bearings, and pressure protection. Flush the pump after handling sludge or settling solids. |
Isolate electrical and hydraulic energy before service. Confirm the discharge path is open and pressure has been fully relieved. |
